含有數詞的英漢語習語對比與研究

畢業論文

A Comparative Study of Idioms with Numerals in English and Chinese

Abstract

This thesis investigates the different functions of numerals used in idioms, reveals the differences between the two cultures and the language divergence reflected in the idioms with numerals, and points out the importance of intercultural communication. In this thesis, the viewpoints concerning various aspects of the numerals are compared and thus the similarities and differences of the idioms are found. In both English and Chinese idioms, in terms of grammar, numerals are used to indicate quantity; in terms of function, numerals in idioms can serve as subjects, objects, attributives, adverbials and so on. However, in the structure of numerals in idioms, there are many differences: the combinations of numerals, neighboring numerals used in the idioms are much richer and of greater variety in Chinese than in English. Moreover, rhetorically, both English and Chinese idioms use numerals as metaphor, hyperbole, euphemism, taboo and symbol, but in different ways for different emphasis.

Key Words:  idioms；numerals；comparison；intercultural communication

摘  要

本文研究了數詞在英漢語習語中的各種功能，通過對含有數詞的英漢語習語折射出的兩種文化差異的了解，進1步揭示跨文化交際的重要性。本文通過對已收集大量含有數詞的英漢語習語的分析，發現英漢語習語中的數詞在觀點、結構和修辭上有許多相同點和不同點。相同點是：在語法方面，英語和漢語中的習語都用數詞來表示數量的大、小；在功能方面，英漢語習語中的數詞既可充當主語、賓語，又可充當定語、狀語等。不同點是：在數詞結構上，漢語習語中的數字組合、鄰位數的使用遠比英語豐富，且具有多樣性；在修辭手法上，英漢語中的數詞都可用來表示形象、夸張、委婉、禁忌及象征，但其意義和重點卻截然不同。
 
關鍵詞：習語﹑數詞﹑比較﹑跨文化交際

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